Islamic history Home The history of Islam on the creation of God - the Almighty - the universe Basmawath and its territory, and mountains and easy, and the stars and planets, and days and nights. He scoffed at all of this to humans. And began the life of this man in the universe when God created - the Almighty - Adam from dust, and breathed into him of his soul. Then God created Eve; to be the wife of Adam, and to be their humanity. And God forbid - the Almighty - of Adam and Eve to live in paradise, and Estmta everything into it, providedIslamic history that they eat from the tree and one of them, and warned glorified Satan Adam enmity to him, and warned him. He lived Adam and Eve in Paradise, safe and enjoying the fruits Abdeen, surrounded by fruit trees, and rivers of fresh, life was pretty quiet, so the devil came to them, and Oguahma to eat from the tree forbidden by God, and he and his wife eat the forbidden fruit, Vokrjhma God - the Almighty - from Paradise, where the happiness and comfort, and Onzlhma to the land where fatigue and misery. It was learned that Adam disobeyed his Lord, he sped up and repents him; and called on his Lord, Fva him, and he repented him, and ordered Adam to descend to earth and his wife, and sent down with the devil, the Almighty said: (We Ahptoa all of them either Iotenkm me guidance is followed Hdai not fear them nor shall they grieve) [al-Baqarah: 38]. Human life began on Earth Adam - peace be upon him - his wife and their offspring was a Muslim believing in God, knowing God's agriculture, and how to benefit from rain water, and cattle, and Belhomha milk and wool, and teach them the shipping industry and ride the sea, and how the stars in the guided walking in the darkness of the roads, and other things that will facilitate them to live on the ground. And the knowledge of God - Glory - Adam - peace be upon him - how to proceed with the mission that created them, put Adam to his descendants through the good, and warned them of the evil path, and tell them they will die and they send and accountable, and the winner will enter Paradise, and the loser of his life and work over to the fire. Adam warned his children to the devil enemy first, and the gravity of his role in their lives, and tell them they are safe as long as devotees of the devil faithful to God - the Almighty -, God said to Satan: (if you do not have them Ebadi Sultan only follow you from the evildoers) [Stone : 42]. And understand the Muslim generations that grew up at the time of Adam lesson fully, living in obedience to God hundreds of years, it began to appear among them, and began the deviation is increasing day after day, and end to worship other than Allah and disbelief in the Last Day, and God - the Almighty - is sent to these generations deviant prophets and apostles, including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad - peace be upon them - and was invited to all of you people who worship Allah, what you other god) [norms: 59]. This is the call of Islam: (This is your nation one nation and I am your Lord, so worship Me) [Prophets: 92]. The process of divine prophets over the years and so long a source of the Prophets Muhammad Akram (is an integral part of the history of Islam, so was the call of Muhammad (: (Say We believe in Allah and what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Tribes and that given to Moses and Jesus and that given to the Prophets from their Lord We make no distinction between any of them and we have Muslims) [al-Baqarah: 136]. It is no religion other than Islam: (the religion with Allaah is Islam "[Al-Imran: 19]. (Leipzig and other than Islam will not benefit him in the Hereafter [Al-Imran: 85]. Islamic history Light ring Was the last of the prophets preach the apostles, and say it will come in the last decade a prophet is no prophet after him, and made human dignity, and Muhammad came to say: "like me and the prophets before me like a man built a house but well done and outlined the subject of the brick on the corner of the corners, and started touring the people and admire him, and say: Hala put this brick? I am the brick, and I Seal of the Prophets "[Agreed upon]. Islam said contributed to building a great prophet of all prophets of God. Fadlallah was the great prophet, the Attah of Onamh countless, and for that rushed to the hearts of the normal pads and Dafaihm tribes, came to men pure of supporters are asking the people of the city; to come out to them, and Evalonh to fight with the odds to raise the flag of Islam. And stop the Messenger of God, carrying messages Ashraf sky to Earth, climbing companions and attain perfection, even the world, including scientists, leaders and men, did not rest the Messenger of God to carry the moment since, and even his final moments blessed, because the weight of the pain out of trying to make the prayer with the his companions, but he could not, seeking the people around him to pour water Viflon, Fifiq, so the first question: "indigenous people?" Said to him: No, they are waiting for you, O Messenger of God. Are asked to pour water on him to wake up from his illness and tries again and again can not, all this, and people are waiting in the mosque can not separate him before seeing the Habibhm and their leader and their leader, but he does not come out, it was intensified by the pain, and ordered Abu Bakr to lead people in prayer. In the following days, it was found in the same light, went out to his companions in prayer, leaning back on my son's uncle, Abbas Fadl ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, and sat down on the first degree of the pulpit and said: "Allah is the best slave, between this world and of himself, he chose this person What God "[Ahmed]. Abu Bakr wept and stop to marvel companions crying. But Abu Bakr had to understand what they did not understand companions; have understood that a person mohair is the messenger of Allah and the Messenger of Allah choose what God means near separation. Stepped up the spirit of the Messenger of God to join the higher ranks in the day, Wiczlazelt to stop the hearts of companions Umar threatened to broadcast the news, saying: they claimed that Muhammad died, and that God is dead, but he went to his Lord as Moses went, and God went back to the Messenger of God indeed. The Abu Bakr entered upon the Messenger of Allah, and check the news, before the brow of the Messenger of God, saying: You are the father and mother, O Messenger of Allah, blessed life and in death, stopped for the dying has not stopped the death of one of the worlds. Then went out to his companions re going crazy, saying: O people used to worship Muhammad, Muhammad has died, and those who worship God, God is alive and does not die. Then he recited Allah's saying to them: (The Prophet Muhammad to have been emptied before the apostles died or killed Ovin Anglaptm to O Muhammad and turned on their heels will not harm Allah a thing, and thankful that God Sidze) [Al-Imran: 144] [The hadeeth was narrated by Ahmad]. Here companions returned to their senses, it was understood that God has chosen lover next to him, and that the Secretariat is still in their necks, so they meet with him again should be on its way to the Forum in heaven, God willing. How will history and the date after them? This is a modern book. Islamic history State of the Righteous Caliphs It was the Muslims during the life of the Prophet in the security and tranquility, Messenger arrange their affairs, and leads the crowds, and guide them, and guide them, and with Evtehm concerned. When he died the Prophet Muslims felt that they have to succeed the Prophet in a shepherd fend for, and lead the march, carrying the banner of Islam flying high, it shall be ordered after the Prophet?! The Prophet did not appoint anyone after him; but leave the matter by mutual consultation, they choose their successors for themselves but this is the Caliph? Saqifah: To be a meeting for consultation, and agreement on the saw, Let's get everyone in Saqifah, and agree on the choice, but supporters have preceded to the porch, and chose one of them is Saad bin worship. When informed Umar ibn al-Khattab and Abu Bakr and Abu Abeida, rushed to the attic, and stop them Abu Bakr, an orator, and spoke about the virtues of immigrants and supporters preferred Then he mentioned that the Caliph should be Qrchia, as people only obey the neighborhood of Arabs, and then chose people to Evalawa either Omar or Abu Obeida, was rejected Omar and Abu Obeida that matter, knowing that thanks to Abu Bakr and its predecessor, here to stop Bashir bin Saad, a leader of the Ansar, and asked his people not Nzawa immigrants in succession! This position Nabil; he was keen to unity, and the Islamic Brotherhood, does not think only in the public interest, and here announced Omar ibn al-Khattab and Abu with Abeida Mbaiathma to Abu Bakr Siddiq. And pledged allegiance to all those who were in the attic, Abu Bakr, and then saw the mosque of the prophet (the city's allegiance to the wider public included all those who witnessed the pledge of allegiance and those who shed environment that is unlike, and Abu Bakr became the caliph, and that was the year 11 AH / 633 CE. It was Abu Bakr worthy of this, and Muslims were all convinced of this, the traumatic Messenger of God (an imam prayed for their religion behind him, and ordered the people to pray behind him, and he is sick, why not of whom they approve of their world?! Islamic history Extension of the Crusades Al-Quds: During the reign of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab - may Allah be pleased with him - was opened as Syria and Palestine, and came to receive the Caliph himself Jerusalem in 16 AH / 637 AD. Jerusalem is a city an important destination of the religious to the three religions. I have opened this city, Muslims had become the masters, but they have learned from their religion of tolerance has opened the gates of the city of pilgrims come and go in peace and security. And remained this year, followed by the beautiful tradition of the caliphs after him, has excelled under the rational high level of religious tolerance, has dedicated the "Charlemagne" Emperor of the Christians at the time the keys "Church of the Resurrection," and allowed him to build a hospital, a library collected a lot of Christian Studies and this has been tolerance characteristic of every Islamic eras as a whole. Beginning of the Crusades: Buyids was standing negative attitude of the enemies of Islam after the capture of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad; encouraged by the king of the Roman year 462 AH / 1070 invasion of Syria, went out the king of the Romans in three hundred thousand fighters, and went down on "Menbh" and burned the villages between them and the land of rum, and killed their men, and the captivity of their wives and children. And panic Muslims in Aleppo, a great panic, he had a year end up re-king of the Roman army attacks many numbers and equipment wants to destroy Islam and Muslims, amounting to "Manzikert" from Armenia, but that "Alp Arslan Seljuk" went to fifteen thousand, and the whole faith God, and believe that Allah Nasir religion, saying: "I'm fighting calculated Sabra, the recognized Vbenamp from God, even if the certificate (to die for Allah), the son," Seljuk "Crown reigns! The al-Faqih, "Abu Nasr al-Bukhaari," to be on Friday after the prayer is the date for the meeting with the enemies, then to invite all the speakers of the Mujahideen in the cause of God from the pulpits, and prayed to their al-Faqih, Sultan and wept, crying, people crying, and called and called him, then told them : who wants to leave Vlinasrv, what is here and end DEFENSE. Sultan and then remove the shroud to see him soldiers - to motivate them to martyrdom - they did like him. And began to crawl to Romans, and when he approached the Sultan of them got off his horse, and worshiped God - the Almighty - and rubbed his face in the dirt, God called and asked him to victory over his enemies, and take in the supplication and cry, and then rode his horse, and attacked the enemy Asaker she became pregnant with him, and was Nasrallah, in spite of the small number of Muslims and many of their enemies, but victory is from God grant victory to whom He will, a strong-Aziz. Arslan was, may God have mercy on him, just based affluent Merciful Allaah be upon him, give charity to the poor, especially in Ramadan. And, God willing, that Muslims kill a large number of the Roman arena, even dead bodies were filled with them, and the families of the King of Byzantium, and redeemed himself a thousand thousand and five hundred thousand dinars, and redeemed his commanders, and the position Arslan strong, derives its strength from the pride which derives Muslim pride, pride of God, Arslan was imposed on the King of Byzantium that contained all Muslim prisoners in the hands of rum, and the requirement to send him to the Roman pawns upon request at any time. It was signed "Manzikert" between the Seljuks and the Roman year 463 AH / 1071, of the crucial battles that led to a terrible defeat for the Roman, and despite the great disparity between the two, with no more troops Arslan to ten of the forces of the Crusaders. Meeting Claremont: This has led to the fact that Sun seeks help Obatrthm (Mkouhm) in Europe, by yelling, so he Pope calls for a public meeting in "Mont Clare", France, and calls the meeting to the Islamic conquest of the East, and rid the Holy Land from the Turks, and rid the territory of the Byzantine Empire from enemies rapists, and urged the Princes to expand their property and the invasion of the Middle-rich, what was the result? How were the defeat of "sanctuary response," the cause of the Crusades? During these wars, the danger of the Mongols, how the country confronted a hurricane Mongols, the Crusades? Crusaders capture of Jerusalem: In the year 491 AH / 1097; forces gathered the Crusaders in Constantinople, having been prepared crossed the Bosphorus to the Levant, and discussions between them and the battle of the Seljuks in 1097, when "Addourleom", but defeated by the Seljuk Turks, then the Crusaders seized Antioch in northern Syria, and founded by the first emirate to them, then took over the territory of Edessa in the north island, and founded Imarthm second and turned to the city of Jerusalem and the Temple. In the face of forty thousand combatants, the Fatimids army could not break their siege of the city, which lasted a whole month, and their entrance in the end on July 15 in 1099, and established a massacre wiped out all its inhabitants, men, women and children and adults, and they violated the city of Jerusalem a week kill and destroy even killed in the courtyard of the maximum only seventy thousand Muslims. It is noteworthy that the Crusader Raymond Commander occupied "Mara Naman", and killed by the hundred thousand, and set them alight, and then set up a state known as the Great Kingdom of Jerusalem. In this campaign, has some important cities in the Levant, such as Aleppo and Damascus in the hands of Muslims. Has been the capture of Jerusalem, the Crusaders felt they achieved their religious duty to restore the holy city. Has been divided Crusaders this region into four emirates: County of Edessa 492 e / in 1098, including the high rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, and brings its southern bank of Aleppo, the capital was Edessa, which are found in some maps as Idrissa. The second is the Principality of Antioch, located in the Northern Territory of South West County of Edessa. Then followed by the south of Tripoli is located in a narrow strip along the coast is the smallest of the Emirates. The fourth is the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and extends along the eastern border of the current near Beirut, and then follow the Jordan River as it accommodates a bit, and heading south to the Gulf of Aqaba, with its capital Jerusalem itself. The Principality of each of these emirates ruled by a prince or a governor, I took over Jerusalem, and here is a victory had been, and there is a Europe as a whole in the joy of growing, but the differences between them have returned in the strongest terms yet that was their victory. Nur al-Din victory against the crusaders: Despite the pain suffered by the Muslims under the hammers of the Cross, and the seas of blood and hatred, he returned Islam - had not died days - the spark of the Muslims, Vhbwa soldiers of God as they were, and God sent a man of this nation is Turkey "Imad ad-Din," who knew that the road to victory always starts to return to God. How was that? When the Seljuk state was divided after the "Great Seljuk" Could someone Mamluks, the mainstay of the Turks ad-Din province to board connector. And as soon as the power of this man to attack, so he doubled on "Edessa", and was able to seize the capital, although the walls of immunity in 539 AH / 1144. It was the fall of "Edessa" in Europe led to a shake-up call for a crusade the other. He holds Noureddine Ben Mahmoud Imad ad-Din Islamic Jihad and the burden of defending the land of Islam after the death of his father, Imad al-Din in 1146 by one of the followers of the Ismaili doctrine (known as the Assassins underground), and re-open Noureddine Edessa, which rushed to the occupation of the Crusaders after the martyrdom of his father, and back victorious to Aleppo, there it is prepared to face the Crusaders, and Ihzmanm near Damascus, and then attacking the Principality of Antioch and seize parts of them, and get the prince Bohemond a group of nobles and princes of the Crusaders, and could be subject to other cities of Edessa, which were not been subject before. And then crowned his efforts for what he calls the people of Damascus to their rule after they saw amended and courage, Vtkont Islamic Front, one stretching from Aleppo to Damascus and supported by the king of his brother in Mosul. How great you are Ya Nour El Din, I have lit the way for the Muslims; Frvo How is Jihad and sacrifice. Egypt's position from the Crusaders: Egypt was at that time under the Sultan of the Fatimids, who were at the time of maximum vulnerability, it has the real power in the hands of ministers who have been working on the selection of the Fatimid Caliph of weak so as to ensure the permanent control of Egypt! Egypt was very important for the crusaders and the state of Nureddin. The fall into the hands of the Crusaders are strengthened, and giving them the resources are endless. And falling into the hands of Nur al-Din put the Crusaders in an awkward position where the Muslim forces attacked them from three sides: east, south, south-west, and that the resources of Nur al-Din and his cohorts will magnify and swells if he took to Egypt, how should it? Fate has created the most beautiful Noureddine opportunities. He knew that the leadership of Egypt at that time was in the hands of ministers, and was the largest competitors ministers: "Shower" and "Dargham," was forced "Shower" to escape into the light of religion, while seeking help from the defeat "Dargham" and that almost kills him. And has reached "Nur al-Din" the army of the Crusaders was heading to Egypt to be preceded them. Nur al-Din moved up in haste, and equipped an army led by the "Lion of religion Shirkuh" accompanied by his nephew Salah al-Din, Nur al-Din entered the army of Egypt in 560 AH / 1164, and quickly defeated the troops, "Dargham" and re-"Shower" to power, Is estimated "Shawar "What is invoked by Nur al-Din and his army commander, Asad Shirkuh religion? No, but he wanted to get rid of the debt of a lion and his army when they feel Iqasmanh influence. Fatimid vizier Crusaders in desperation: There be a disaster with all the sense of the word! Shawar Army has used the Crusaders, who was stationed on the border, and quickly responded to the crusader army, Shawar entered Egypt and clashed with the armies of Nur al-Din! The fighting intensified, but what did not outweigh one of the two agreed that both depart from Egypt, and soon the air Noureddine Army and the Army of the Crusaders. But the army of Nur al-Din returned to Egypt again in 563 AH / 1167. When he sent "Shower" in desperation Jerusalem Christian king who sent his armies to fight the lion debt Shirkuh, but Shirkuh defeated the Crusaders, and captured Alexandria, which were mounted with his nephew Saladin, who showed his talents in the military defense of Alexandria. In spite of temporary victories Shirkuh it felt for him not to hold in Egypt, it was agreed with the Crusaders for the second time the two teams to elucidate them. But the Crusaders broke the Covenant when Egypt entered the campaign prepared to capture it, has seized on "Bilbeis" and massacred its population, killing and looting. Shirkuh victory of Salah al-Din and the Crusaders: Here, the Fatimid Caliph sent cries light of religion who sent his army for the third time in 564 AH / 1169, led by Shirkuh, Salahuddin, and was soon victory over the Crusaders campaign in Egypt, and withdrew, leaving their influence and control of the Army Shirkuh. Schauer has tried to return to its old policy, and get rid of Shirkuh; but failed and was arrested and executed. He was appointed "Shirkuh" The minister of the Fatimid Khalifa instead of Shawar. When he died Shirkuh his successor in the ministry and the leadership of armies, his nephew Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub year 564 AH / 1169, have concentrated in the hands of Salah al-Din all authorities, and the days pass and Salah al-Din starring star, show days with his genius, Die Add the Fatimid Caliph, 567 AH / 1171 after Salah al-Din that abolished the Fatimid caliphate, and become a real power and real influence in his hand, caught them with an iron fist. Crusaders and started thinking, I have concluded that Egypt's Muslim forces, became in the hands of the iron man that will unite the Muslims and destroy the strong strong Crusaders, but tomorrow is very serious. Under the governor of Salah al-Din Egypt calls for a long time to the Abbasid caliphate and Nur al-Din after him. Founded the Ayyubid state in Egypt after the death of Nur al-Din Mahmoud 569 e / in 1174 by Saladin. It was a Shi'ite Fatimid, Ayyubid The understanding of the people of the year, and for the Salah al-Din claimed that eliminates the manifestations of the Fatimid caliphate and fees, call centers and disrupts the Shiite sects. Year and returned to Egypt .. Sunni Arabs, who rejected all belief alien to what it received by the prophet (and the days pass Firth Salah al-Din Nur al-Din State, and regulates the Emir of Mosul in 583 AH / 1168. It was a state of Nur al-Din between Muslims from Syria and the Hijaz, and Yemen, also included parts of North Africa. Salah al-Din became the State of northern Iraq, eastern Syria, and Hijaz, Yemen, Egypt and some north African countries. This was the largest union of Islamic forces in that time when the Abbasid state disassembled weak have no authority. But between them and the Crusades Petty tomorrow soon get back their land and protect the display. In some periods, the Salah al-Din held treaties with the Crusaders to be devoted to the unification of the Islamic, but they broke the Covenant, that Reginald (Onart) Prince of Kerak Crusader denounce this Treaty, and the Crusaders some provocation for the Muslims of that Reginald is prepared is tampering with a fleet and attack the beaches Hijaz Muslim pilgrims, and has repeatedly attacked convoys of Islam.